A recent study performed by Australian scientists found that the human genome predicts the species’ lifespan to be about 38 years. Modern scientific discoveries and improvements in the standard of living have increased that to about 72 years worldwide and much higher in some developed countries.

It should come as no surprise that the longer you live beyond the day you retire, the more you’ll spend during retirement on maintaining your standard of living. How long can you do that? 20 years? 500 years? Here’s how I explained the idea of living to 500, and how you can plan your investment portfolio for longevity.

Will You Live Forever? How About 500 Years?

In today’s brand-driven media cycle, anything promoted with the imprimatur of a trendy company like Google gets a full airing and lots of exposure, no matter how offbeat. Recently, president of Google Ventures (the corporate investment capital arm of Google Inc.) Bill Maris told Bloomberg that he believes humans can live to be 500 years old. Maris is not what you would consider a typical Google employee. He’s been trained in neuroscience, and helped develop Google’s Calico project to address ageing. No surprise, Silicon Valley’s young millionaires and billionaires want to live to enjoy their wealth for a very long time.

Maris says he hopes to live long enough not to die. That’s probably not going to be the case for most of today’s retired or soon-to-be-retired investors. But that doesn’t mean you can ignore the thought of outliving your money. There are a number of ways you can prevent portfolio ruin. The first and most obvious is to take a sharp pencil to your budget. For most of the last half-century, I have advocated a 4% draw on your retirement nest egg. Recently, I have advocated a lower draw (when possible) to minimize lasting damage from the Fed’s complete destruction of yield over the last seven years.

You can see on my Maximum Portfolio Withdrawal Rate chart below that an investor in 1946 with a 50/50 portfolio of stocks and bonds, rebalanced annually, would draw down his portfolio quite rapidly by taking 8% per year. Even drawing 7%, 6%, or 5% doesn’t inspire comfort, as each portfolio is depleted in less than 34 years. You may thinking that 34 years is plenty, but take a look at the timeline here. The bulk of this investor’s retirement took place in the ’50s and ’60s, when returns on a 50/50 portfolio were quite strong. In contrast, today’s bond yields are so low, you may not earn 4% on your savings, meaning you’ll have to save even more to live comfortably. Withdrawing 5% could force you to take up residence at the entrance to Wal-Mart greeting customers when you should be enjoying your golden years.

Another way you can protect yourself from drastic moves in the balance of your portfolio is to rely on its income to produce your 4% draw. Investing in companies with high dividend yields can help you achieve that income. Today, you face an investment climate where high dividend yields aren’t abundant. Take a look at the yield of the S&P 500 in my chart below. The average yield shown there (since 1945) is 3.4% for the index. Today, the index yield doesn’t even break 2%. Loose Federal Reserve policies going back to the 1990s have decimated yields by propping stock prices up into bubble territory. To mitigate the effects of low yields overall, you can prepare your portfolio for future income by selecting stocks of companies with policies that favor dividend increases year after year. If dividends increase 5% every year, after five years a stock with an initial yield of 2% will yield 2.6% on your initial dollar invested, and so on.

You can achieve a portfolio that keeps you and your family secure well into your retirement by focusing on buying the stocks of companies that will keep raising their dividends. That’s one of the areas we focus on for clients at my family-run investment counsel firm, Richard C. Young & Co., Ltd. If you would like to learn more about the strategies we use, click here to sign up for our monthly client letter (it’s free even for non-clients).

I learned from Ben Graham nearly six decades ago that there’s no better way to assess an investment than the cold hard cash it returns to you in the form of dividends or interest. In September of 2012 I wrote:

While at Babson College, I studied Ben Graham’s Security Analysis. I still return to it regularly. In Chapter 35, Ben Graham writes, “For the vast majority of common stocks, the dividend record and prospects have always been the most important factor controlling investment quality and value…. In the majority of cases, the price of common stocks has been influenced more markedly by the dividend rate than by the reported earnings. In other words, distributed earnings have had a greater weight in determining market prices than have retained and reinvested earnings.” Graham concludes with, “Since the market value in most cases has depended primarily upon the dividend rate, the latter could be held responsible for nearly all the gains ultimately realized by investors.”

Always Keep It Simple

Made sense to me in the sixties and continues to make sense to me today. In fact, I attribute most of the success I have had in the investment industry to what I learned from Ben Graham nearly five decades ago.

If you haven’t already included dividends and interest as central planks of your investment strategy, I suggest you do so today.

There are few subjects studied by so many, but still so little understood as investing and wine. Nearly everyone you meet has an opinion on both, but start getting specific and you realize the pool of knowledge isn’t deep. You don’t need to be an expert in either, but it helps to get the big picture right. In February of 2011 I wrote:

Medieval Monks

Terroir (teh-RWAHR). Literally “terrain” in French. David Downie in Food Wine Burgundy explains that originally terroir was used to refer to the particular qualities that soil and climate bestow on wine. The French word climat designates a micro-environment, micro-climate, and micro-terroir. Climat can embrace a few rows of vines here, another few rows there, separated by another climat. Michael Broadbent, writing in the foreword of The Great Domaines of Burgundy, tells us that compared to Bordeaux, Burgundy is far more complex: Small vineyards with similar names are in the ownership of several individual producers. Medieval monks had a special facility for understanding the specific soil and climat of Burgundy. It is this knowledge that eventually would introduce the world-class pinot noir (red) and chardonnay (white) wines of Burgundy to the world.

Get the Big Picture Right

After spending some time researching the terroir of Burgundy and many of Burgundy’s small vineyards, I can tell you that the subject matter is as complex as any I have endeavored to understand. Grapes planted in the most suitable soil under just the right weather conditions produce the classic French white Burgundy found, by example, in Puligny-Montrachet. Successful wine making is a top-down affair. Get the big picture right, and good things can happen.

Diversification & Dividends

It occurred to me on a number of occasions that, just as terroir dominates the study of Burgundy, the same terroir concept dominates my thinking on the stock market. In the proper monetary, economic, and political environment, most quality stocks will offer suitable returns, some, of course, better than others. A well-diversified group of dividend payers is certain to do just fine, as long as the financial terroir is hospitable. Many decades ago in Young’s World Money Forecast, I concentrated only on terroir and did not write about individual securities at all. My target was the big picture, period. I felt that if I could get the big picture right for my clients and subscribers, they could deal with individual securities selection. I still devote the bulk of my time as it relates to the financial markets to the big picture. Get the big picture wrong, and your securities portfolio is likely to suffer mightily. Get the big picture right with the view that you will stick with dividend and interest-paying, blue-chip securities, and you most certainly will do well. A rising tide tends to lift all ships.

It is with this thinking that I manage my own personal affairs and formulate the global investment strategy for our family investment company.

If you are struggling to get the big picture, it may be time to seek assistance. My family run investment counsel firm, Richard C. Young & Co., Ltd. is dedicated to assisting conservative retired, and soon to be retired, investors and their families in developing a plan for the long-term. If you would like to talk to a seasoned investment professional about your portfolio, please fill out the form below. You will then receive a call for a consultation with absolutely no obligation.

Panic selling during periods of market decline can be devastating to your long-term investment success. In 1987 many investors were frightened out of the market and missed out, not only on the rebound in shares in the following years, but on all the dividends they could have used to buy more shares at depressed prices. I reminded readers of that in February of 2009 when the Great Recession was at its bleakest. Here’s what I wrote:

The 1987 Debacle

I remember the crash of September/October 1987 like it was yesterday. Virtually overnight, the Dow collapsed to about 1700 from 2700. Terrified investors fled the stock market, just as they did in 2008. Well, the next two years were gangbusters and, by fall 1989, the Dow was once again back above 2700. My three charts (below) give you a bird’s-eye view of each of the three historic years in American stock market history.

Dividends Paid Based on Shares

Recently, I’ve been driving home the point that what really counts is the shares you own and the dividends you are paid, not the point-in-time value of your shares. Companies pay your dividends based on the number of shares you own, not on the value of those shares on any given day. Picture it this way: You are sitting at your walnut desk with a stack of beautifully engraved stock certificates in front of you. The certificates are embossed with the number of shares each certificate represents. From your bright, sunny window you clearly can see your mailman as he drops off a pile of envelopes that you know from long experience includes your regular dividends (in many instances higher than in previous quarters). You are comforted by sorting through your stack of engraved certificates and excited to once again begin opening your companies’ envelopes, each providing you with a dividend check. It’s a pleasant scenario to be certain, as dividends are your financial lifeblood.

A Collector of Dividends

Look around you! No one has taken away any of your treasured certificates. And no one has altered the number of shares embossed on each of the finely engraved certificates. Furthermore, not one of your companies has failed to send along your dividend check as promised. Nor has your mailman failed to deliver your checks to your mailbox. You do not spend a moment wondering at what price you could sell your certificates to someone else, because, as a collector of dividends, you have no earthly reason to sell. This is certainly so if you have crafted from the start a quality list of 32 discerning blue-chip, dividend-paying companies.

Mystical-Like Compounding

Astute investors invest to accumulate wealth over the long term through dividends, dividend increases, and the mystical-like compounding of dividends. This is compared to flighty speculators who have the misguided goal of selling shares to someone else at a higher price.

Make a plan, focus it on dividends, and stick to it.

In November 1999 tech stocks with no dividends seemed like a sure bet. Despite the hype, I was still doing my best to encourage my readers to stick the principles of dividends and compounding. Here’s what I wrote then:

Historically, Dividends Provide Much of Total Return

What about the base for the economy and the stock market in general? As I’ve written often, the two are inexorably linked. After all, could stocks on average outrun the performance of all the companies that jointly contribute to our country’s gross domestic product? No. and, here’s why.

Over seven decades, from 1926 to 1997, U.S. nominal gross domestic product (non-inflation adjusted) grew at a compounded 6.4% per year. Over the same period, the return on stocks due to price appreciation (dividends not considered) was a compounded 6% per year. The fit is almost exact. I know you’re thinking that the stock market must have done better than that, but it did not.

Investors, however, did better due to the average annual compounded 4.6% return paid to shareholder from dividends. The total return from (1) price appreciation and (2) dividends was an average compounded 10.6%, but remember, over 43% of total return came from dividends. Sadly, today’s investors have almost completely forgotten about dividends. Perhaps with the average yield on stocks about 1.5%, instead of the historical 4.6%, there is some reason not to spend much time on dividends. Nonetheless, most investors are unlikely to see stock price appreciation that outruns nominal GDP growth over time.

You can read more about the benefits of dividends in your portfolio in, Dividend Investing: A Primer, a white paper on the subject produced by my family run investment counsel firm, Richard C. Young & Co., Ltd.

It’s a seemingly simple question, what are you getting paid? Most people can recall their weekly or monthly employment income without hesitation, but do you know what your portfolio is paying you quarterly? If you aren’t focused on generating income from your investment portfolio, you may want to adjust your strategy. In April 2006 I discussed the importance of getting paid, now. I wrote:

Pay Me Now

When you invest in portfolio securities, your first question should be, what am I getting paid? I do not want you investing your serious money in securities that pay you neither interest nor dividends. Do not put your hard-earned capital at risk with the view of buying a portfolio security today and selling it to someone else tomorrow at a higher price. To me, this is speculation, not investing. Go with what you know by not only demanding to be paid, but by also holding your taxes and transaction costs to a minimum, as I do. Trust me, over time, the penalty of taxes and transaction costs is a brutal killer for most investors. Think reverse compounding here.

OK, so compound interest and dividends must underpin your investment thinking. Albert Einstein described compound interest as “the greatest mathematical discovery of all time.” Ben Franklin wrote on compound interest, “’Tis the stone that will turn all your lead into gold.” Charlie Munger, longtime partner to Warren Buffett, wrote, “Understanding the power of compound return and the difficulty getting it is the heart and soul of understanding a lot of things.”

Ben Graham Speaks

In almost each of my strategy reports over the decades, I’ve written about the power of dividends. Mr. Value Investing, Ben Graham, devoted a ton of ink to the subject. In fact, B.G. wrote, “One of the most persuasive tests of high quality is an uninterrupted record of dividend payments going back over many years.” Graham believed that “the defensive investor might be justified in limiting his purchases to those meeting this test.”

History has a way of repeating itself. In early 1995 I wrote about a math professor named Tom Nicely, who worked at Lynchburg College. Nicely was examining prime numbers using a group of five personal computers. While four of the computers gave Nicely the correct answer to a problem, 1.2126596294086, the fifth turned up a slightly different answer, 1.212659624891157804.

The cause of the fifth computer’s error was the Intel Pentium processor installed on it. Nicely called Intel to explain, but was given the cold shoulder. Next, he did something which at that point was still novel, he asked for help on the Internet. Others checked Nicely’s work and came back with the same results, confirming his conclusions.

Intel had already known about the problem since May when one of their own researchers had discovered it, but only after they had been backed into a corner by independent confirmation did Intel acknowledge Nicely’s research. The company even offered him a consulting job.

The bug was first reported in an industry journal known as Electronic Engineering Times, but when it was reported by the mass media on CNN on November 21, 1994, the stock dropped over 12.3% in a little less than a month. The stock only began gaining again after Intel offered a recall on December 20^th.

Here We Go Again

Today Intel is in a somewhat similar, though not exact, position. A group of researchers connected by the Internet, have exposed a much larger flaw in Intel’s processors, and now the company needs to deal with the fallout.

The issues, known as Spectre and Meltdown, could potentially be used by hackers to attack computers using Intel processors. The news was again first reported in an industry journal, the Register, out of the U.K. But in today’s rapid information world, it didn’t take much time to disseminate to the market. Intel’s share price dropped over 9.2% in eight days.

Only after CEO Brian Krzanich wrote an open letter to the tech industry explaining Intel’s next steps were investors willing to climb aboard Intel once more.

Do You Have a Game Plan?

I do not relay this story to you to shame Intel. What I want you to see here, is that companies often undergo rough periods. The tech industry in particular is prone to volatility thanks to complex products and low barriers to entry. The unexpected happens, and without a game plan you may see a lot of your own money wiped off the board quickly.

My game plan for decades has been one laid out first by Ben Graham in the Intelligent Investor. Graham wrote, “One of the most persuasive tests of high quality is an uninterrupted record of dividend payments for the last 20 years or more. Indeed, the defensive investor might be justified in limiting his purchases to those meeting this test.” I would add to Graham’s astute analysis that focusing on companies dedicated to increasing dividends helps as well.

What are Your Goals?

Another factor in investing is understanding the business you are investing in. Not many investors today can honestly say they understand what the Spectre and Meltdown flaws in Intel’s chips really are. Are you prepared to invest in a company that builds a product you don’t understand and can’t explain? These shares are no doubt appropriate for some portfolios, but if risk avoidance is one of your goals, understanding the company from top to bottom is a good place to start.

I practice risk avoidance in all aspects of life, and especially in investing. If you are in or nearing retirement and are looking to relieve the burden of the work that must be done to minimize risk in your investment portfolio, I urge you to visit the website of my family run investment advisory, Richard C. Young & Co., Ltd. You can sign up for our client letter, free even for non-clients, to get a better idea of the principles used to make investment decisions.

Originally posted on January 19, 2018.

In 1987, I sat down with Bill Lippman for a conversation about L.F. Rothschild Fund Management’s “Rising Dividends Fund.” Bill had been the founder and president of the Pilgrim Group mutual funds for 25 years before he sold the firm. Bill then moved over to the New York based, L.F. Rothschild Fund Management, at the time a new subsidiary of L.F. Rothschild investment bank. (The Rising Dividends Fund would later become the Franklin Rising Dividends Fund, which still trades today, though this is not a recommendation to buy).

The Rising Dividends Fund focused on what I have been recommending to my readers for years; solid companies with strong records of increasing dividend payouts. I have been focused on dividend payments since my days at Babson reading Ben Graham and David Dodd.

Bill was interested in rising dividends as a way to protect his fund’s owners from experiencing the type of punishment in their portfolios they felt in the bear market of 1973-1974. Those unhappy days of “stagflation” saw unemployment of 8.5%, CPI increases of up to 11%, and a drop in the Dow Jones Industrial Average of 46%. Afterward, investors were not eager to have their savings ripped apart again. The pain was so bad that even in 1987 when Bill and I discussed his Rising Dividends Fund, the lessons of 73-74 were still remembered well.

When we talked, Bill said “In 1973-1974, we had a really bad market. It was a disaster…and it went on and on for a couple of years. It seemed like it would never end. One then asks, ‘Is there a better way?’ As it turns out, yes, there is a better way. You must have a philosophy, and you must stick to it. Don’t be the victim of the latest hot story that comes off the tape. And that’s what we did that was different. We evolved a philosophy that made sense. We selected companies that increased dividends and had low debt and low P/Es. We wanted a solid game plan that we could follow with comfort through good markets and bad.”

My focus for you today, just as it was in 1987, is on quality dividends from companies that are dedicated to increasing their payouts. As part of the RCs program at Richard C. Young & Co., Ltd., and in my recent coverage of the Dow stocks here on Youngsworldmoneyforecast.com, I consistently focus on finding companies that do just that.

Another thing Bill said in our discussion that really resonated with me was a piece of advice he gave to all investors “Put down in writing what you really believe in, and then stick to it.” I encourage you to do that right now. Don’t wait until later, or let inertia allow you to forget. Do it right now. Write down what you want to accomplish by investing, and how you plan to do it. Then stick to it.